|
Harriet Ruth Harman, (born 30 July 1950) is a British lawyer and Labour Party politician who has been a Member of Parliament (MP) since 1982, firstly for Peckham, and then for its successor constituency of Camberwell and Peckham since 1997. She has served in various Cabinet and Shadow Cabinet positions and, in her role as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, she was twice the acting Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition: from May to September 2010 and from May to September 2015. Born in London to physician John B. Harman and his wife Anna, a solicitor, Harriet Harman attended St Paul's Girls' School and earned a BA in Politics from the University of York. She qualified as a lawyer and worked for Brent Law Centre from 1978 to 1982, when she was elected MP for Peckham in a by-election following the death of Labour MP Harry Lamborn. Promoted to the Shadow Cabinet by Labour Leader John Smith, she served as his Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1992–1994) and then as Shadow Employment Secretary (1994–1995), Shadow Health Secretary (1995–1996) and Shadow Social Security Secretary (1996–1997) under Smith's successor Tony Blair. Under Blair, Labour won the 1997 general election, he became Prime Minister and Harman was re-elected for the new constituency of Camberwell and Peckham. Blair appointed her Secretary of State for Social Security and the first ever Minister for Women, serving until 1998, when she left the Cabinet. In 2001, she returned to the Cabinet as Solicitor General for England and Wales, serving until 2005 when she became Minister of State for Constitutional Affairs. In 2007, Blair resigned as Prime Minister and John Prescott resigned as Deputy Prime Minister and Deputy Labour Leader. Harman ran in the subsequent deputy leadership election and defeated five other candidates, ultimately beating Secretary of State for Health Alan Johnson by 50.43% to 49.56%. Gordon Brown, who was elected Leader, appointed Harman Leader of the House of Commons, Lord Privy Seal, Minister for Women and Equality and Labour Party Chair. However, unlike Prescott, she was not appointed Deputy Prime Minister. She held all of the government positions until Labour lost the 2010 general election. After the defeat, Brown resigned as Leader and Harman became Acting Leader and Leader of the Opposition until Ed Miliband was elected leader. She subsequently served as his Shadow Deputy Prime Minister, combining the position with that of Shadow Secretary of State for International Development (2010–2011) and then Shadow Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport (2011–2015). After Labour's defeat in the 2015 general election, Miliband resigned as Leader and Harman once again became Acting Leader and Leader of the Opposition. She announced that she would also resign as Deputy Leader, prompting a concurrent deputy leadership election, which was won by Tom Watson. Harman is currently the longest continuously-serving female MP in the House of Commons.〔(Rt Hon Harriet Harman )〕〔(Her Majesty's Official Opposition – UK Parliament )〕 She is married to former trade union leader Jack Dromey, who became Treasurer of the Labour Party in 2004 and MP for Birmingham Erdington in 2010. They have two sons and a daughter. ==Early life and career== Harman was born Harriet Ruth Harman at 108 Harley Street in London,〔http://www.108harleystreet.co.uk/history/〕 to Anna Harman (née Spicer), a solicitor, married to a Harley Street physician John Bishop Harman.〔("108 Harley Street" ), Harley Street Guide〕 Her parents each had non-conformist backgrounds – her grandfather, ophthalmic surgeon Nathaniel Bishop Harman, was a prominent Unitarian〔Obituary, ''The Times'', 8 December 1945〕 and the Spicer family were well known congregationalists. Her aunt was Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford, and her cousins include writers Lady Antonia Fraser, Rachel Billington, and Thomas Pakenham.〔(www.burkespeerage.com ) 〕 Harman is a great-great niece of Joseph Chamberlain and is also related to Richard Chamberlain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Keeping it in the Family )〕 Harman attended a fee-paying public school, St Paul's Girls' School and then gained a BA in Politics from the University of York. During her time at York, she was a member of Goodricke College and was involved with student politics. After York Harman then went on to qualify as a lawyer. Harman worked for Brent Law Centre in London. Between 1978 and 1982, Harman was employed as a legal officer for the National Council for Civil Liberties. In this capacity, and just before becoming MP for Peckham in a by-election in 1982, she was found in contempt of court.〔See ''Harman v The Home Office'' (the conviction for contempt being upheld on appeal) () 1 AC 280, 308; (【引用サイトリンク】title= Harman was later involved in a European Court of Human Rights case against MI5. During a 1984 television interview by whistleblower Cathy Massiter, it was revealed personal files were held by MI5 on Harman and on the (by then former-) General Secretary of the NCCL, Patricia Hewitt.〔Annie Machon, ''Spies, Lies and Whistleblowers: MI5, MI6 and the Shayler Affair'', Book Guild, May 2005, ISBN 1-85776-952-X (hbk); ''The Guardian'', 21 February 1985; ''20/20 Vision'' (Channel 4, 1985)〕 They successfully argued that there had been an infringement of their rights because MI5 was not a legally constituted and democratically accountable organisation, this being the minimum standard in democracy.〔 The success of the case led to enactment of the Security Service Act 1989.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harriet Harman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|